From: Subversion of the B-cell compartment during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections
PATHOGENS | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Plasmodium falciparum or vivax | Schistosomia haematobium | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | HIV-1 /SIV | HCV | HBV |
Circulating BAFF levels | Elevated Reduced BAFF-R expression | ND | ND | Increased during acute phase. Associated to B-cell lymphoma (chronic phase) | ND | ND |
Frequencies of B-cell subsets | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Immature-transtional CD10  +  IgM hi IgD  +  CD27 − | Increased | ND | ND | Increased (chronic) | ND | ND |
MZ IgM hi IgD  +  CD27 + | Reduced | Unchanged | ND | Decrease | ND | ND |
Naive IgM  +  IgD hi CD27 − CD21int | ND | Decreased | ND | Variable | Variable | ND |
Resting Mem IgD − CD27  +  CD21 + | Decreased | Unchanged | ND | Decreased | Decreased | ND |
Activated Mem IgD − CD27  +  CD21 − | ND | Increased | ND | Increased | ND | ND |
Atypical Mem SIgG/A  +  CD27 - CD21 − | increased FcRL4+, Polysaccharide IgG | Increased | ND | Increased FcRL4+ virus-specific Abs? | Increased, CD95+ IgG producers | ND |
Regulatory B-cells | CD10+ Increased? | CD1dhi, IL10+, Induce T-reg Suppress IFNγ and IL17 production | CD1dhiCD5+, no IL10 or TGFβ Suppression of IL17/22 through cognate interactions | CD38hiCD24hiCD27- IL10+, Suppress HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses | ND | CD38hiCD24hiCD27- IL10+, Suppress HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses |
CD24hiCD27+ Produce TGFβ and induce Treg | ||||||
Additionnal Remarks | Pregenany exacerbates atypical Mem expansion | Impaired TNFα production by B-cells, even in treated patients | Impaired responses of monocytes & CD11c + DC | Impaired fonctions of DC | Impaired responses of monocytes & DC | Impaired responses of monocytes & DC |
T-cell hyporesponsiveness | Impaired responses of CD11c + DC T-cell hyporesponsiveness | T-cell hyporesponsiveness | Increased in Slan DC | Impaired CD8 T-cell responses | Impaired CD8 T-cell responses | |
Strong depletion of CD4 T-cells Impaired CD8 T-cell responses |