Fig. 4

Comparison of γδT cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and clusters between improved and non-improved patients after ALSS therapy. A Boxplots displaying the difference between immune cell subsets of two groups in total immune cell level after ALSS therapy. B The frequency of γδT cell clusters (C28 and C29) of improved patients was significantly higher compared to non-improved patients. C T-SNE maps displaying the expression of CD27 and CD45RA in 37 clusters. C28 and C29 were marked with red boxes. D The frequency of monocytes (C03) in non-improved patients with ALSS was significantly higher than that before treatment, and was significantly higher compared to improved patients. E Sequential gating strategy for identification of classical monocytes (CD14⁺⁺ CD16^–), intermediate monocytes (CD14⁺⁺ CD16⁺), and non-classical monocytes (CD14⁺ CD16⁺⁺) using immunophenotyping followed by CyTOF. F The expression of HLA-DR between improved and non-improved patients before and after ALSS therapy. G The frequency of HLA-DR expression in classical monocytes in the improved and non-improved groups before and after ALSS. H The frequency of eosinophils and basophils in all samples decreased but neutrophils increased after ALSS. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001 ALSS: artificial liver support system; t-SNE: t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding; CyTOF: mass cytometry