Fig. 1

SARS-CoV-2 non-Spike-specific longitudinal immune response. a Sampling time of the 93 participants for each visit. Zero months represents the time of infection defined as positive PCR test. b SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG analysed by Mesoscale. Being seropositive was defined as IgG levels above 3000 AU/mL (dashed line). c, d Percentage of SARS-CoV-2 non-spike (S)-specific CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells analysed by ICS. c Total SARS-CoV-2 non-S-specific CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells at indicated time points. IFNγ only and IL2 only producing cells: red bar, IFNγ and IL2 double producing cells: green bar. Stacked bars represent median values. d Percentage of SARS-CoV-2 non-S-specific CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells producing either IL2 only (red, left panel), IFNγ only (red, middle panel), or co-producing IFNγ and IL2 (green, right panel) at each visit. e, f Percentage of SARS-CoV-2 non-S-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells analysed by AIM. e Total SARS-CoV-2 non-S-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells at indicated time points, i.e., cells expressing 2 or 3 activation induced markers (CD69, OX40 or 41BB). f IFNγ production by SARS-CoV-2 non-S-specific cells measured in the supernatant harvested from the cell stimulations in the AIM assay (Analysed by mesoscale). b, d, e, f Box and whisker plots show median values ± IQR and error bars indicate 95% CI. Statistical comparisons were performed using Friedman test and Wilcoxon unpaired signed-ranks test adjusted using Bonferroni with visit 1 as a reference. *P ≤ 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, no asterisk indicates non-significance