Cytokines, Median, (IQR) | Healthy controls N = 20 | PLHIV-1s N = 40 | PLHIV-1f N = 50 |
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TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1085 (1047–1306) | 1204 (1112–2211) | 1511a (1323–2627) |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 121.5 (0,000–211.3) | 524.7a (162.2–918.5) | 1364a, b (820.5–2549) |
IL-5 (pg/ml) | 19.82 (11.08–29.66) | 194.7a (124.3–266.4) | 176.9a (21.3–250.2) |
IL-13 (pg/ml) | 932.3 (817.6–1224) | 845.1 (583.9–1348) | 955.8 (205.7–1768) |
IL-7 (pg/ml) | 209.2 (197.4–389.1) | 295.3 (243.8–415.1) | 547.6a (311.5–1174) |
IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 1363 (1152–1813) | 422.8a (226.9–834.1) | 1126b (599.4–1625) |
IL-4 (pg/ml) | 135.3 (33.78–139.6) | 365.5a (101.5–492.7) | 106.5b (78–144.7) |
IFN-γ/IL-4 (Th1/Th2) | 13.13 (8.25–47.53) | 1.44a (0.48–4.08) | 7.31b (1.50–22.43) |
- Plasma cytokine concentrations in study groups were assessed in the control subjects (n = 20), people living with HIV-1 with therapeutic success (PLHIV-1s, n = 40) and people living with HIV-1 with therapeutic failure (PLHIV-1f, n = 50). n = number of participants in each group. Healthy control subjects and PLHIV-1 under ARV treatment for at least 6 months were recruited at the University hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava between October 2021 and April 2022. IL: Interleukin. The statistical differences were performed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. IQR = interquartile range, pg/ml = picogram per milliliter. Differences were considered significant when p values are less than 0.05
- ap < 0.05 PLHIV-1 group vs. healthy controls; bp < 0.05 PLHIV-1s vs. PLHIV-1f