Figure 5

Cytokine and chemokine release from CD34^-lineage^- cells and CD34⁺ cells differentiated with IL-15 and IL-21. The production of GM-CSF, TNF-α and CCL3/MIP-1α in supernatants of CD34^-lineage^- cells and CD34⁺ cells maintained with SCF+Flt3-L either alone or supplemented with IL-15, IL-21 or the combination of both cytokines was monitored weekly with conventional ELISA. Bars depict mean and standard deviation recorded in 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate. FL = Flt3-L; W = week.