Figure 8

ConA-induced cytokine release in TLN lymphocyte recall assays. Cytokine concentrations in supernatants of ConA-stimulated TLN cells harvested at day 7 pi were measured with cytometric bead arrays. Groups did not differ in cytokine production at 3 or 5 days pi, and no antigen-specific responses were detected until 20 days pi. Data on day 7 pi IL-4 (A), IL-13 (B), IL-5 (C), IL-10 (D), IL-6 (E), sTNFR1 (F), TNF-α (G), and IFN-γ (H) production are shown. In these data, statistically significant down-regulatory effects of co-infection (Nb+Pcc) were found for IL-13 (P = 0.011), IL-5 (P = 0.0001), IL-10 (P = 0.007), and IFN-γ (P = 0.006), compared to relevant single-infection groups. Bars indicate mean ± SEM from 3 combined experiments, each with 4-9 mice per group. The symbol ¶ indicates significance of the difference between co-infected and Nb mice, while § indicates significance of the difference between co-infected and Pcc mice (P values included above and in Results text).