Figure 1

Latrunculin and jasplakinolide modulate superoxide production in Ra2 microglia. Superoxide production in Ra2 cells pre-incubated with latrunculin or jasplakinolide as indicated before stimulation with A-D) FMLP or E-H) PMA. The traces presented in the left column show superoxide production in one individual well of an experiment, while the graph on the right show mean ± SEM of peak superoxide production from three independent experiments all in at least three separate runs with duplicate wells on the plate reader. The ordinates show superoxide production as measured by luminol E-CL normalized to control cells not receiving toxin (arbitrary units). Arrows indicate time point of PMA or FMLP injection.