From: Cytokine expression during early and late phase of acute Puumala hantavirus infection
parameter | healthy controls (n = 39) | early phase (n = 64) | early phase* (n = 21) | late phase (n = 21) | p1 | p2 | p3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-2 (pg/ml), IL-2/creatinine | 2.2±8.6 2.7±12.2 | 9.5±7.2 3.8±4.5 | 7.2±5.6 3.2±3.9 | 14 ±17 15±25 | <0.0001 <0.0001 | <0.0001 <0.0001 | 0.08 0.005 |
IL-5 (pg/ml) IL-5/creatinine | 3.3±8.4 3.5±7.8 | 0.6±2.1 0.3±1.4 | 0.4±0.6 0.2±0.5 | 0.3±0.6 0.2±0.5 | 0.82 1.00 | 0.63 0.61 | 0.56 0.65 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) IL-6/creatinine | 1.1±1.6 1.3±2.0 | 7.8±9.8 2.5±3.1 | 8.2±6.1 3.3±3.6 | 2.6±2.4 1.8±1.2 | <0.0001 0.0003 | 0.0002 0.004 | 0.001 0.17 |
IL-8 (pg/ml) IL-8/creatinine | 13±32 14±34 | 563±1809 161±406 | 444±1076 147±378 | 130±230 93±163 | <0.0001 0.0001 | 0.001 0.002 | 0.16 0.57 |
IL-10 (pg/ml) IL-10/creatinine | 2.4±5.5 2.6±5.7 | 5.2±8.4 2.2±5.6 | 8.3±10.7 4.4±8.6 | 0.7±2.0 0.6±1.9 | 0.014 0.18 | 0.17 0.14 | 0.001 0.003 |
TNF-α (pg/ml) TNF-α/creatinine | 0.8±1.0 0.9±1.1 | 5.2±4.2 1.7±1.4 | 6.4±4.6 2.2±1.9 | 3.6±3.1 3.0±2.9 | <0.0001 0.001 | <0.0001 <0.0001 | 0.001 0.09 |
TGF-β (pg/ml) TGF-β/creatinine | 4203±2132 4529±2266 | 23708±12207 11178±13749 | 21581±9068 8605±7184 | 32847±13513 29239±18032 | <0.0001 0.004 | <0.0001 <0.0001 | 0.004 0.0001 |
IFN-γ (pg/ml) IFN-γ/creatinine | 0.3±1.8 0.4±2.5 | 1.1±6.7 0.3±2.2 | 2.9±11.6 1.0±3.9 | 10.5±33.5 7.5±23.9 | 0.41 0.41 | 0.23 0.23 | 0.29 0.29 |