Figure 4

Bacterial clearance and survival in bacteria-infected control mice and mice that underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy. Control mice and mice that underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy were challenged with live E. coli (0.75 × 10⁷ CFU/mouse) (A) or S. aureus (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mouse) (B). Bacterial counts were determined in the blood, liver, spleen, and lung collected at 24 and 48 h post bacterial infection and expressed as Log CFU/ml. Data are mean ± SD of five to six mice per time point. *p < 0.05 compared with control mice, ^≠p < 0.05 compared with mice that underwent laparotomy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves after control mice and mice that underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy challenged with live E. coli (1.5 × 10⁷ CFU/mouse, n = 18 per group) (C) or S. aureus (2 × 10⁷ CFU/mouse, n = 18 per group) (D). *p = 0.0176 (C) and *p = 0.0313 (D) compared with control mice, ^≠p = 0.0395 (C) and ^≠p = 0.0321 (D) compared with mice that underwent laparoscopy.