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Table 1 Periodontal evaluation in the test group (smokers) and in the control group (non-smokers)

From: Levels of salivary immunoglobulins and periodontal evaluation in smoking patients

Periodontal parameter

Test group

Control group

P value

PI (mean ± SD)

2.2 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.4

< 0.05

GI (mean ± SD)

2.4 ±0.5

0.7 ± 0.3

< 0.05

PD (%)

49.3 ± 9.2

10.6 ± 2.4

< 0.05

CAL (%)

29.6 ± 4.6

3.1 ± 0.8

< 0.05

  1. PI: plaque index.
  2. GI: gingival index.
  3. PD: probing depth.
  4. CAL: clinical attachment level.