Cytokine (pg/ml) | Controlb | ATRAb | Significancec |
|---|
IL-8
| 0.42 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | p = 0.002c |
MIP-1α
| 90.1 ± 18.1 | 60.0 ± 14.7 | NS |
RANTES
| 2.1 ± 0.92 | 1.8 ± 0.89 | p = 0.01c |
MCP-1
| 65.4 ± 23.3 | 107.4 ± 29.2 | p = 0.006c |
IL-1β
| 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.20 | p = 0.02c |
IL-6
| 31.0 ± 7.2 | 13.7 ± 3.7 | p = 0.007c |
IL-17
| 1.8 ± 0.52 | 1.7 ± 0.56 | NS |
GM-CSF
| 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | NS |
G-CSF
| 2.2 ± 0.76 | 1.2 ± 0.24 | p = 0.04c |
IFN-α
| 2.4 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.93 | NS |
- a Anti-CD3 antibody(200 ng/ml)-activated human PBMC (2.5 × 106/ml) derived from at least 5 different donors were treated with either ETOH or ATRA (10-7 M) for 48 h after which the supernatants were examined for the expression of various chemokines and cytokines by ELISA and multiplex analysis.
- b The results are expressed as the average cytokine value in ng/ml ± SD. The data and statistical calculations were performed with data derived from at least 5 different donors.
- c The data was analyzed for equality of variance using Fischer's F test. If the variance was heterogeneous, the appropriate transformation of the data was performed. A two-tailed paired T test was then used to determine statistical significance. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. NS = not significant.
