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Figure 4 | BMC Immunology

Figure 4

From: Use of molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis to define the structural basis for the immune response to carbohydrate xenoantigens

Figure 4

Computer-simulated model of xenoantibody/carbohydrate interaction in humans and non-human primates. (A.) Anti-carbohydrate single chain antibody (assession number IMFA) complexed with a trisaccharide carbohydrate antigen. Amino acids in key contact sites identified by crystallography are shown. The information can be accessed in the NCBI database by homology search for structural similarities. (B.) The IGHV3-11 xenoantibody (122B) induced in human patients mounting an active immune response following placement on a bioartificial liver. (C.) Computer-simulated model of the IGHV3-11 human single chain xenoantibody (122B) aligned with the VH4-59 germline progenitor (clone 5, Fig 1). (D.) The IGHV3-11 VH gene [9] and DPK5 light chain genes (clone 17, Fig 2) encode a xenoantibody expressed at high levels post-transplantation with porcine hearts and following immunization with porcine hepatocytes in rhesus monkeys.

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BMC Immunology

ISSN: 1471-2172

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