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Table 4 ATRA and the RAR-α agonist, AM580, directly influence T cell activation and induce T cell differentiation towards a Th2 phenotype.

From: The Retinoic Acid Receptor-α mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production

A.

     

Treatment

Cytokine (pg/ml) ± SE (n = 4)

 

IL-4

IL-5

IL-13

IL-10

IFN-γ

EtOH Control

77 ± 32 ac

415 ± 188 a

524 ± 249a

491 ± 143 a

4260 ± 674

ATRA

112 ± 48ab

775 ± 328 b

671 ± 280b

295 ± 88 b

4135 ± 379

Am 580

107 ± 34ab

744 ± 307 ab

599 ± 300b

308 ± 94 b

3835 ± 457

RO 41–5253

42 ± 15 c

223 ± 109 c

466 ± 232ac

295 ± 55 b

3230 ± 648

(IL-10, n = 3)

B.

     

Treatment

CD Marker MCN ± SE (n = 3)

   
 

CD38

CD69

   

EtOH Control

466 ± 60 a

348 ± 41a

   

ATRA

1073 ± 197 b

521 ± 34b

   

Am 580

1019 ± 151 b

467 ± 18 c

   

RO 41–5253

296 ± 21 a

263 ± 27 d

   
  1. T cells were activated for 48 h and cytokines and surface markers were measured as described in the Materials and Methods. Measurements were compared with repeated measures ANOVA. Values with different superscripts are significant at p < 0.05. All retinoids were used at a final concentration of 1 × 10-7 M.