Table 1 Macrophage TLR stimuli used in the experiments underlying IIDB

CpG

Unmethylated CpG motif (cytosine and guanine separated by a phosphate) bacterial DNA (TLR9-specific stimulant)

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide (component of the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria), TLR4-specific stimulant

PAM₂CSK

Synthetic diacylated lipoprotein, TLR2/6 stimulant

PAM₃CSK

Synthetic triacylated lipopeptide, TLR 2/1 stimulant

Poly(I:C)

Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (TLR3-specific stimulant)

R848

Synthetic imidazoquinoline resiquimod, TLR 7, 8 stimulant