Fig. 5

Different morphological changes in CD4⁺ T cells modulated Ca²⁺ signalling in an F-actin-dependent manner. a Ca²⁺ response in a CD4⁺ T cell after it made contact with a DC pulsed with OVA_323-339 in the presence or absence of cytochalasin D. b Average Ca²⁺ responses were measured in CD4⁺ T cells following IS formation in the presence of cytochalasin D, nocodazole, TG or cytochalasin D and TG (mean ± s.e.m., n=25, three independent experiments), ***P<0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). c Average Ca²⁺ responses were measured in elongated and/or flattened CD4⁺ T cells after they made contact with DCs in the presence of cytochalasin D or TG treatment (mean ± s.e.m., n=25, three independent experiments), **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (one-way ANOVA). d Ca²⁺ response in a CD4⁺ T cell with TG stimulation and in a CD4⁺ T cell making contact with a DC after TG pre-treatment. e Ca²⁺ response in a CD4⁺ T cell with cytochalasin D and TG treatment and in a CD4⁺ T cell that made contact with a DC after cytochalasin D and TG pre-treatment. Ca²⁺ signalling was noted every 10 s