Fig. 1

Early (peri- or post-transplant) versus late administration of MSCs in HCT. MSCs can be administered to HCT patients in either early or late time periods. The early time period constitutes either peri- or early post-transplant, which includes the use of MSCs to promote engraftment or to prevent GVHD. MSCs can potentiate engraftment via direct infusion peri-transplant or via ex-vivo co-culture with HSCs. The late time period constitutes the late post-engraftment period where MSCs can be infused to treat GVHD or other inflammatory conditions (such as hemorrhagic cystitis) or to treat graft failure