Fig. 1

Serum lipoproteins modulate bacteria and bacterial-ligand induced immune responses. Primary monocytes were incubated with the intact bacteria B. breve, L. salivarius, E. coli and S. typhimurium at a ratio of 25:1 (bact:cell) or the bacterial ligands FSL-1 (100 ng/ml) or LPS (10 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected after 16H incubation and analyzed for the release of TNFα (a), IL-6 (b), GM-CSF (c) and IFNγ (d). Values represent mean ± SEM of 4 donors. Data is represented as percentage release compared to HS. Absolute cytokine levels are presented in Additional file 1. *: p < 0.05 **: P < 0.01