Table 1 Overview of the hybrid and multiscale approaches to model the spatial dynamics of immune responses
From: Hybrid approach to model the spatial regulation of T cell responses
Model | Phenomena | Process considered | Types of equations | State variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baldazzi et al. [7] | Immune response to antigen in lymph node (500 hrs) | Clonal expansion, 3D: transport, reaction-diffusion | Agent-based for cells, PDEs for molecules antigen, chemokines | DCs, B-cells, CD4 + T cells, |
Fallahi-Sichani et al. [8] | Immune response in Tuberculosis, Granuloma (200 days) | Clonal expansion, 2D: chemotaxis, cell-to-cell interactions single-cell state regulation | Agent-based for cells, ODEs for cytokines, 2D geometry of lung tissue | Macrophages, CD8 + T cells, Treg cells, T γ cells, M. tuberculosis, TNF α, TNFR |
Gong et al. [9] | Immune response to antigen in lymph node (550 hrs) | Clonal expansion, 3D: trafficking, cell-to-cell interactions | Agent-based for cells, anatomicaly based 3D geometry of lymph node | 3 states for: DCs, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells; Locations for HEVs, FRCs |
Prokopiou et al. [10] | Early CD8 + T-cell response in lymph node (136 hrs) | Clonal expansion, intracellular regulation, 3D: migration, reaction-diffusion | CPM for cells, PDEs for extracellular cytokines, ODEs for intracellular factors | APCs, T-cells, IL-2, IL-2R, Tbet, Caspase, Fas (activated, non-activated) |