Fig. 4

a+b Plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines. iRM patients showed the lowest plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory/ inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1ß, IL6, IL17 and GM-CSF, of anti-inflammatory IL1RA, IL10, TGFß1 and TGFß3 and of the cytokines IL5, IL8, VEGF and TPO compared to female HC and female transplant recipients late post-transplant (for all p < 0.050). They had also lower levels of the chemokines CCL5/RANTES than female HC and of CCL4/MIP1ß than female ESRD and female transplant recipients late post-transplant (for all p < 0.050). Conversely, iRM patients showed the highest plasma levels of G-CSF, FGF-basic and CCL3/MIP1α as well as very high plasma levels of CXCL5 compared to female HC and female transplant recipients late post-transplant (for all p < 0.050). Interestingly, plasma IFNy, TGFß2, IL1α, IL2, IL12 and CCL2/MCP-1 were similar in iRM patients, female HC and female transplant recipients late post-transplant (p > 0.050). Twenty-six female HC, 15 female ESRD, 4 female renal transplant recipients early and 15 female renal transplant recipients late post-transplant as well as 33 iRM patients were studied. Data are given as median ± interquartile range