Fig. 4

D-mannose reduced the expansion of effector CD4⁺ T cells in the cGVHD model. a. Representative FACS plots of CD4⁺CD44⁻CD62L⁺ T_N, CD4⁺CD44⁺CD62L⁻ T_EM, CD4⁺PD-1⁺CXCR5⁺Bcl-6⁺Foxp3⁺ T_FR and CD4⁺PD-1⁺CXCR5⁺Bcl-6⁺Foxp3⁻ T_FH cells, and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg cells 3 weeks after cGVHD induction. b. Frequency of T_EM cells. c. T_EM/T_N ratio. d. Frequency of T_FH cells. e. T_FH/T_FR ratio. f. Frequency of Treg cells. g. Comparison of the effect of D-mannose on splenic Treg cell frequency in unmanipulated mice (Ctrl) or cGVHD-induced mice. h. CD132 MFI on Treg cells expressed as fold change relative to the Ctrl group. Mean ± S.E.M of n = 9 per group from 2 to 3 cohorts compared with t tests. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01