Dysregulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ expression is a common host immune response in a chronically infected mouse model of melioidosis when comparing multiple human strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Table 4 Ex vivo expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MIP-1α by stimulated and unstimulated spleen cells

Group/ State of Spleen^b,e	IFN-γ Expressed (pg/ml)^a			TNF-α Expressed (pg/ml)			MIP-1α Expressed (pg/ml)
Group/ State of Spleen^b,e	Media Only	Antigen^c,d	PMA+Iono	Media Only	Antigen	PMA+Iono	Media Only	Antigen	PMA+Iono
Gp. 1. Naïve (2)	16.0 (1.00)	26.7 (1.40)	5373 (1.05)	8.00 (1.02)	115.9 (1.07)	546.0 (1.04)	31.6 (1.24)	177.8 (1.11)	9,502 (1.21)
Gp. 2. Normal Appearing (7)	17.2 (1.08)	136.0 (2.17)	4850 (1.09)	12.1 (1.29)	194.1 (1.21)	622.6 (1.74)	29.2 (1.15)	772.2 (1.54)	11,261 (1.79)
Gp. 3. Swollen (3)	142.1 (3.05)	5297 (1.27)^¶	6381 (1.26)	56.6 (2.23)	790.9 (1.11)^§	163.2 (2.29)	144.5 (3.54)	5,235 (1.83)^†	734.7 (4.58)
Gp. 4. Chronic, Infected (8)	4440 (1.48)^§	2727 (1.55)^¶	6117 (1.17)	2998 (1.56)^§	2543 (1.22)^‡	6752 (1.44)^†	11270 (1.60)^§	5289 (1.66)^†	33264 (1.25)^†

^aCytokine/chemokine determinations were all done at least once in duplicate and reported as geometric means with geometric SEMs
^bA total of 18 spleens from aerosol exposed BALB/c mice were placed into different categories, and the number in parentheses represents the number of samples in each group
^cThe stimulation antigen was the exposure strain used in the aerosol studies that was inactivated
^dThe significant levels shown represent differences between results from naïve mice (Gp1) and results of the other groups under the same conditions: ^†P < 0.05; ^¶P < 0.01; ^§P < 0.001; ^‡P < 0.0001
^eThe exposure strain and number of mice (in parenthesis) in each group are as follows: Gp. 2, 406e (1), MSHR668 (1), MSHR5855 (1), MSHR5848 (1), HBPUB10134a (2), Bp22 (1); Gp. 3, 1106a (1), MSHR668 (1), 1026b (1); Gp. 4, 1106a (1), 406e (1), 1026b (1), MSHR5858 (2), MSHR5855 (1), MSHR5848 (1), Bp22 (1)

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