The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion

Table 2 Inflammatory biomarker concentrations in athletes with SRC

Marker	Males (n = 20)	Females (n = 20)	p value	FDR
IFN-γ	3.1 (2.5–5.0)	4.1 (2.5–5.9)	0.326	no
TNF-α	1.7 (1.4–2.2)	1.5 (1.3–1.9)	0.305	no
MPO (ng/mL)	13.4 (7.5–21.4)	9.0 (7.9–11.4)	0.018	no
IL-8	2.0 (1.7–2.6)	2.0 (1.3–2.4)	0.149	no
MCP-1	66.6 (57.6–73.5)	53.3 (45.8–65.4)	0.090	no
MCP-4	27.5 (20.5–32.4)	23.0 (18.9–29.1)	0.505	no
MIP-1β	43.6 (31.5–53.6)	31.8 (25.0–40.0)	0.021	no
IP-10	179.4 (133.2–219.8)	207.7 (166.4–294.8)	0.016	no
TARC	72.7 (44.3–94.9)	55.1 (48.2–67.5)	0.061	no
Eotaxin	94.2 (82.2–127.5)	81.0 (66.0–94.8)	0.028	no

sport-related concussion (SRC); false discovery rate (FDR); interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)- 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, −4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)
All values reported as the median and interquartile range in pg/mL, unless otherwise stated
P values are derived from bootstrap ratios (BSR) of the mean difference between biomarker values in male and female athletes, corrected at FDR = 0.05
In the case of deviations from normality, the BSR was calculated from the winsorized mean difference
Bold values indicate pre-corrected p < 0.05

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