Fig. 4From: Identification of active small-molecule modulators targeting the novel immune checkpoint VISTAThe murine VISTA protein inhibited cytokine production in T cells. a CD4+ T cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were stimulated with anti-CD3 (2C11) at 2.5 μg/mL and murine VISTA at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. Culture supernatants were collected at 48 h. IL-2 production was analyzed by ELISA. b CD8+ T cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were stimulated with anti-CD3 (2C11) at 2.5 μg/mL and murine VISTA at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. Culture supernatants were collected at 48 h. IL-2 production was analyzed by ELISA. c Purified CD4+ T cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were stimulated with anti-CD3 (2.5 μg/mL) and the murine VISTA protein as indicated. Culture supernatants were collected after 48 h. IL-2 production was analyzed by ELISA. d Bulk purified CD8+ T cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were stimulated with anti-CD3 (2.5 μg/mL) and the murine VISTA protein (5 μg/mL). Culture supernatants were collected at 48 h. IFN-γ production was analyzed by ELISA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. All results were repeated three times with consistent results (n = 3)Back to article page