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  1. TLR7 is a key player in the antiviral immunity. TLR7 signaling activates antigen-presenting cells including DCs and macrophages. This activation results in the adaptive immunity including T cells and B cells. ...

    Authors: Yosuke Ota, Ryosaku Inagaki, Yasuhiro Nagai, Yuko Hirose, Masashi Murata and Setsuko Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. There is currently insufficient data regarding immune parameters and relationship with severity of malaria infection in Enugu, Nigeria where the economic and social costs of the disease and its management are ...

    Authors: Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu, Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe and Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The pathogenic microorganisms that cause intestinal diseases can significantly jeopardize people's health. Currently, there are no authorized treatments or vaccinations available to combat the germs responsibl...

    Authors: Saeed Mikaeel, Abbas Doosti and Ali Sharifzadeh
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a prevalent complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and is often related to other characteristics such as bronchiectasis and autoimmunity. Becau...

    Authors: Ghamartaj Khanbabaee, Fatemeh khazaii, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Mahsa Rekabi, Zahra Ghomi, Vahide Zeinali, Matin Pourghasem, Maedeh Soflaee and Mahsa Ghadrdan
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. There is ample evidence showing the potential of malaria infection to affect the counts...

    Authors: Samuel Antwi-Baffour, Benjamin Tetteh Mensah, Simon Aglona Ahiakonu, Dorinda Naa Okailey Armah, Samira Ali-Mustapha and Lawrence Annison
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. HIV has been reported to interfere with protective vaccination against multiple pathogens, usually through the decreased effectiveness of the antibody responses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody respon...

    Authors: Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou, Jean Claude Djontu, Line Lobaloba Ingoba, Jiré Séphora Mougany, Freisnel Hermeland Mouzinga, Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi, Franck Yannis Kouikani, Arcel Christ Massamba Ndala, Steve Diafouka-kietela, Raoul Ampa and Francine Ntoumi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressiveness and treatment challenges due to the absence of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. Our work emphasizes the prognostic value of LCP1 (Lymphocyte cyto...

    Authors: Shuaikang Pan, Mengting Wan, Hongwei Jin, Ran Ning, Jinguo Zhang and Xinghua Han
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by disturbance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory lymphocytes. Growing evidence shown that gut microbiota participated in the oc...

    Authors: Fen-Ping Lian, Fen Zhang, Chun-Miao Zhao, Xu-Xia Wang, Yu-Jie Bu, Xing Cen, Gui-Fang Zhao, Sheng-Xiao Zhang and Jun-Wei Chen
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Psoriasis has a global prevalence of 1–3%, with variations observed across different ethnic groups and geographical areas. Disease susceptibility and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) drugs sugge...

    Authors: Fatma Z. Kamel, Heba Allah Mohamed Hoseiny, Aya A. El Shahawy, Ghada Boghdadi and Alia A. El Shahawy
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence regarding the causal role of IMID and peri...

    Authors: Rui Zhang, Hairong Ma, Dan Wang and Hualin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Variations in the innate and adaptive immune response systems are linked to variations in the severity of COVID-19. Natural killer cell (NK) function is regulated by sophisticated receptor system including Kil...

    Authors: Narges Karami, Shaghik Barani, Mona Fani, Seppo Meri, Reza Shafiei and Kurosh Kalantar
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought survival benefits to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), disease progression still occurs, and there is no consensus on the treatment options for these...

    Authors: Kang Wang, Zhenxue Fu, Guanxing Sun, Yancui Ran, Nannan Lv, Enbo Wang and Huan Ding
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune system disease with a high disability rate threatening the living quality of patients. Identifying potential biomarkers for RA is of necessity to improve the preve...

    Authors: Linxiao Ma, Huijie Liu, Ping Shao and Qian Lv
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. For the past three years, the pandemic has had a major effect on global public health, mainly on those with underlying medical conditions, such as people living with Multiple Sclerosis. Vaccination among this ...

    Authors: Seyedeh Sadigheh Hamzavi, Rosemina Bahrololoom, Sepideh Saeb, Nahid Heydari Marandi, Marzieh Hosseini, Alimohammad Keshtvarz hesam abadi and Marzieh Jamalidoust
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Previous studies have reported the potential impact of immune cells on kidney stone disease (KSD), but definitive causal relationships have yet to be established. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the ...

    Authors: Dongfeng Yuan, Junyi Yang, Weisong Wu, Yirixiatijiang Amier, Xianmiu Li, Wenlong Wan, Yisheng Huang, Jiabo Li and Xiao Yu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory process involving lymphocyte-mediated immune response and orbital tissue damage. The anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies produced by B ly...

    Authors: Renyan Wang, Delu Song, Yong Zhong and Hui Li
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Though patients with IMNM were not considered to show skin rash, several reports have showed atypical skin conditions i...

    Authors: Takashi Kurashige, Rie Nakamura, Tomomi Murao, Naoko Mine, Mayu Sato, Riho Katsumata, Yuhei Kanaya, Yoriko Dodo, Tomohito Sugiura and Tomohiko Ohshita
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Several PD-1 antibodies approved as anti-cancer therapies work by blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, thus restoring anti-cancer T cell activities. These PD-1 antibodies lack inter-species ...

    Authors: Hae-Mi Kim, Kyoung-Jin Kim, Kwanghyun Lee, Myeong Jin Yoon, Jenny Choih, Tae-Joon Hong, Eun Ji Cho, Hak-Jun Jung, Jayoung Kim, Ji Soo Park, Hye Young Na, Yong-Seok Heo, Chae Gyu Park, Heungrok Park, Sungho Han and Donggoo Bae
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Metronomic capecitabine used as an adjuvant therapy improves survival in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). This therapeutic approach may also contribute to improving immu...

    Authors: Qianyong He, Xiuling Luo, Lina Liu, Chaofen Zhao, Zhuoling Li and Feng Jin
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a type of schizophrenia (SCZ) with an age of onset of < 18 years. An abnormal inflammatory immune system may be involved in the occurrence and development of SCZ. We aimed to...

    Authors: Zi Chen, Yuxue Li, Yao Gao, Xiaoxuan Fan, Xinzhe Du, Xinrong Li, Zhifen Liu, Sha Liu and Xiaohua Cao
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. The immune system has a crucial role in the fight against cancer. B and T cells, the two main components of the adaptive immunity, are critical players that ...

    Authors: Atefeh Azizi, Fereshteh Mehdipour, Morteza Samadi, Reza Rasolmali, Abdol-Rasoul Talei and Abbas Ghaderi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target protective effects against infections unrelated to tuberculosis. Among these, murine and human studies suggest that BCG vaccination may protect against...

    Authors: NL Messina, M Wang, EK Forbes, B Freyne, WP Hasang, S Germano, R Bonnici, F Summons, K Gardiner, S Donath, R Gordon, SJ Rogerson and N Curtis
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Flow cytometry-based basophil activation tests (BAT) have been performed with various modifications, differing in the use of distinct identification and activation markers. Established tests use liquid reagent...

    Authors: Sebastian Waldherr, Miriam Hils, Martin Köberle, Knut Brockow, Ulf Darsow, Simon Blank, Tilo Biedermann and Bernadette Eberlein
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Immune cells and cytokines have been linked to viremia dynamic and immune status during HIV infection. They may serve as useful biomarkers in the monitoring of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). The present w...

    Authors: Yaou Pierrot Assogba, Adefounke Prudencia Adechina, Edmond Tchiakpe, Odilon Paterne Nouatin, René K. Kèkè, Moussa Bachabi, Honoré Sourou Bankole and Akadiri Yessoufou
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host’s immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by induc...

    Authors: Maimonah Alghanmi, Faisal Minshawi, Tarfa A. Altorki, Ayat Zawawi, Isra Alsaady, Abdallah Y Naser, Hassan Alwafi, Soa’ad M. Alsulami, Ala A. Azhari, Anwar M Hashem and Rowa Alhabbab
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The human interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises IL-17A to IL-17 F; their receptors are IL-17RA to IL-17RE. Evidence revealed that these cytokines can have a tumor-supportive or anti-tumor impact on human mal...

    Authors: Ali Moadab, Mohammad Rafie Valizadeh, Alireza Nazari and Hossein Khorramdelazad
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared.

    Authors: R. Mallick, G. Solomon, P. Bassett, X. Zhang, P. Patel and O. Lepeshkina
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Itch sensitization has been reported in patients with chronic allergic skin diseases and observed in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There is evidence suggesting that neuroimmune interactio...

    Authors: Tichakorn Singto, Viviane Filor, Jonathan Vidak, Robert Klopfleisch and Wolfgang Bäumer
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

    Authors: Jia-he Liao, Qian He, Zi-wei Huang, Xin-bo Yu, Jian-ying Yang, Yan Zhang, Wei-jiang Song, Jing Luo and Qing-wen Tao
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. We aimed to investigate the immune characteristics of intestinal CD8+ gamma delta T (CD8+ γδ T) cells in Crohn’s disease (CD) and their correlation with disease activity.

    Authors: Tao Zhu, Linlin Zhu, Caixia Sheng, Danju Wu, Qianru Gu, Zhinong Jiang, Jiaqi Xu, Guoxiang Fu and Yujie Jiang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as sickle cell trait (SCT/HbAS) play a role in protecting against clinical malaria, but little is known about the development of immune responses against malaria parasite (Plasmodiu...

    Authors: Kwame Kumi Asare, Benjamin Agrah, Fiifi Solomon Ofori-Acquah, William Kudzi, Nii Ayite Aryee and Linda Eva Amoah
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The reconstruction of clonal families (CFs) in B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis is a crucial step to understand the adaptive immune system and how it responds to antigens. The BCR repertoire of an ind...

    Authors: Daria Balashova, Barbera D. C. van Schaik, Maria Stratigopoulou, Jeroen E. J. Guikema, Tom G. Caniels, Mathieu Claireaux, Marit J. van Gils, Anne Musters, Dornatien C. Anang, Niek de Vries, Victor Greiff and Antoine H. C. van Kampen
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), is an established causative factor for the development of gastric cancer and the induction of persistent stomach infections that may lead to peptic ulcers. In recent decades, s...

    Authors: Arezo Kaveh-Samani, Samaneh Dalali, Fatemeh Kaviani, Tohid Piri-Gharaghie and Abbas Doosti
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. More than 90% of patients with diabetes worldwide are type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is caused by insulin resistance or impaired producing insulin by pancreatic β cells. T2D and its complications, mainly large c...

    Authors: YongHui Yin, YingLi Sheng, Shuo Gao, JinTao Zhang, WenKuan Wang, YingJun Liu, TingTing Xu and Yi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable d...

    Authors: Hassan A. Saad, Azza Baz, Mohamed Riad, Mohamed E. Eraky, Ahmed El-Taher, Mohamed I. Farid, Khaled Sharaf, Huda E. M. Said and Lotfy A. Ibrahim
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. The objective of this study was to identify potential predictors of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy among serum indexes, case data, and li...

    Authors: Jingting Wang, Yan Ma, Haishan Lin, Jing Wang and Bangwei Cao
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Biomarkers that can predict outcome will improve the efficacy of treatment for HNSCC patients. In this regard, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic effect of PD1, PD-L1, and CD45RO in tongue and larynx ...

    Authors: Simin Ahmadvand, Lotf-Ali Norouzi, Yousef Mohammadi, Akbar Safaei, Bijan Khademi, Maziar Motiee-Langroudi and Abbas Ghaderi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The ability of generating effective humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been clarified in lymphoma patients. The study aimed to investigate the antibody (Ab) production after SARS-Cov-2 in...

    Authors: Huan Xie, Jing Zhang, Ran Luo, Yan Qi, Yizhang Lin, Changhao Han, Xi Li and Dongfeng Zeng
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Immune cells, such as macrophages, B cells, neutrophils and T cell subsets, have been implicated in the context of obesity. However, the specific role of Th2 cells in adipose tissue function has remained elusi...

    Authors: Lijun Dong, Jingtao Gao, Lu Yu, Shibo Liu, Yuxin Zhao, Wen Zhang, Yinming Liang and Hui Wang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Lung cancer with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can bring long-term survival benefits to patients, but also can bring immune-related adverse events (irAE...

    Authors: Kailian Hou, Weipeng Ye, Qunfeng Huang, Weiyi Li, Zhiqiong Tan, Na tao, Dongheng yang, Haoxin Lin, Zihao Deng, Yuanyuan Xia and Guifang Yu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Despite the functions of TLRs in the parasitic infections have been extensively reported, few studies have addressed the role of TLR3 in the immune response to Schistosoma japonicum infections. The aim of this st...

    Authors: Hongyan Xie, Dianhui Chen, Yuanfa Feng, Feng Mo, Lin Liu, Junmin Xing, Wei Xiao, Yumei Gong, Shanni Tang, Zhengrong Tan, Guikuan Liang, Shan Zhao, Weiguo Yin and Jun Huang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2024 25:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system can affect the outcome of a bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus skin infection is a common infectious disease, and elucidating the relations...

    Authors: Changyu Huang, Yang Chen, Yuanqing Cai, Haiqi Ding, Jiaoying Hong, Shan You, Yiming Lin, Hongxin Hu, Yongfa Chen, Xueni Hu, Yanshu Chen, Ying Huang, Chaofan Zhang, Yunzhi Lin, Zida Huang, Wenbo Li…
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Authors: Ahmad A. Al Ghamdi, Gamal Badr, Wael N. Hozzein, Ahmed Allam, Noori S. Al-Waili, Mohammed A. Al-Wadaan and Olivier Garraud
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:54
    Content type: Retraction Note Published on:

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BMC Immunology

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