Figure 4

Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine neutralizing antibodies on IFN-γ production. Whole blood samples collected from 11 healthy donors were treated with monoclonal antibodies to IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 or CsA alone or in combination before adding inactivated Den2 for 48 h. IFN-γ levels in all conditions were assayed and compared using the Wilcoxon matched pair test (***, * represent statistically significant by P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively; NS represents non significant) (A). Distribution of IFN-γ producing bystander vs. specific induced by Den2 from three healthy adults were plotted and compared by using Mann Whitney test (B). IFN-γ production by whole blood cells from one representative healthy donor was induced by Den2 in the presence of 0.8 μg/ml anti-IL-12, CsA or a combination of anti-IL12 and CsA at the time point of 24 h. IFN-γ producing cells in each subpopulation were shown (C). ND represents not determined.