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The correlation between primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and autoimmunity shows ethnic and geographical diversity. The aim of our study was to accumulate more data in paediatric PID population.
Coevolution between pathogens and their hosts decreases host morbidity and mortality. Bats host and can tolerate viruses which can be lethal to other vertebrate orders, including humans. Bat adaptations to inf...
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized for the skewed Th differentiation towards Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the impaired number and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are capable ...
A comprehensive dissection of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation and subsequent cell functions requires a specific and efficient knockdown or overexpression of the miRNA of interest; these are a...
Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. PU.1 is critical for innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanis...
A major barrier to achieving a favorable outcome of chronic HBV infection is a dysregulated HBV-specific immune response resulting from immunosuppressive features of FOXP3+ T cells. A better definition of FOXP3+ ...
Patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) have an increased risk of infections which is caused by pathomechanisms of the diseases itself but also as a result of anti-tumor therapy. Especiall...
Continuous attempts have been made to pinpoint candidate vaccine molecules and evaluate their effectiveness in order to commercialise such vaccines for the treatment of tropical fascioliasis in livestock. The ...
Tuberculosis infection is a major complication of silicosis, but there is no study on whether silicosis can affect the sensitivity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays. This study will analyze the r...
Multiple antigenic stimulations are crucial to immune system training during early post-natal life. These stimulations can be either due to commensals, which accounts for the acquisition and maintenance of tol...
The progression of acute-to-chronic atopic dermatitis is accompanied by multiple helper T-cell cytokine responses, but the mechanisms and relative importance of these changes remain unclear. There is no animal...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading lethal malignant tumors worldwide. DEAD-box (DDX) family helicases are implicated in numerous human cancers. However, the role of DDX1 in HCC has not yet be...
Propofol is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its advantages of rapid onset and less adverse reactions. This study focused on the role of propofol in the balance of Th17/Treg in elderly patients with l...
To determine the dynamic SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels induced by 3 doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac. An observational, prospective cohort study was performed with 93 healthy healthcar...
A crucial role for the immune system has been proposed in the establishment and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we investigated the cytokine and regulatory profiles...
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a group of autoimmune diseases and mono-macrophages are involved in its glomerular injuries. In this study, we aim to investi...
Sepsis still remains a major challenge in intensive care medicine with unacceptably high mortality among patients with septic shock. Due to current limitations of human CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells (Bregs) studie...
Macrophages are mononuclear CD34+ antigen-presenting cells of defense mechanism and play dual roles in tumor burden. The immunomodulatory and their antitumor function of β-defensin 2 is still unclear, despite the...
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the most dominant ILCs in heart tissue, and sex-related differences exist in mouse lung ILC2 phenotypes and functions; however, it is still unclear whether there are s...
Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells play a vital role in the protection against viral infections. In COVID-19, there is an impairment of dendritic cell (DC) function and interferon secretion which has bee...
Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) is used traditionally in west Africa to treat asthma, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis microbial infections and conjunctivitis. This study investigated the immunomodula...
Effects of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the exocrine glandular glands of Sjögren’s syndrome are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose IL-2 on salivary gland structure an...
Cellular immune responses are phenotypically and functionally perturbed during HIV-1 infection, with the majority of function restored upon antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite ART, residual inflammation rema...
Increasing studies have reported that gentamicin (GNT) plays an essential role in sepsis; however, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of GNT in sepsis.
Considering the molecular heterogeneity of sarcomas and their immunologically quiet character, immunotherapy (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors) plays a viable role in only a subset of these tumors. This stud...
Excessive inflammatory response is the primary cause of early death in patients with endotoxemia. Interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been shown to play critical roles in the modulation of infectious diseases, but its ...
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the pathogenesis of LN is not fully understood. The currently available treatments do not cure the ...
Autophagy is an important mechanism for promoting Mycobacterium clearance from macrophages. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacterium can activate the mTOR pathway while simultaneously inducing autophagy. M. tu...
The significance of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been clarified. This study was dedicated to exploring the potential pathogenic roles...
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell-mediated immunosuppression is an essential mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known regarding the specific role of CD4+CD25−Foxp3+ Treg cells in RA...
T cell lymphopenia was a significant characteristic of severe influenza infection and it was associated with the functional changes of T cells. It is necessary to clarify the T cells characteristics of kinetic...
This study was designed to investigate the role of the nucleotide-binding-domain -and leucine-rich repeat -containing (NLR) family, pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of polymyo...
The original article was published in BMC Immunology 2020 21:19
Tumor-associated macrophages are considered to be a major contributor affecting the development of tumors. Recently, numerous studies have shown that tumor cells were able to educate their microenvironment by ...
Major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) play a crucial role in the cell-mediated adaptive immune response as they present antigenic peptides (p) which are recognized by host T cells through a complex formati...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 1
Interleukin (IL)-7 signaling through CD127 is impaired in lymphocytes in cancers and chronic infections, resulting in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell responses to IL-7 in melanoma re...
HIV eradication efforts have been unsuccessful partly due to virus persistence in immune sanctuary sites such as germinal centres within lymph node (LN) tissues. Recent evidence suggests that LNs harbour a nov...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by epithelial inflammation and tissue eosinophilic infiltration. IL-5, POSTN, and IL-33 are important factors that act as chemoat...
Impaired spermatozoa immunogenicity can result in pregnancy complications such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Given that spermatozoa contact with microbiota, it is possible that inappropriate microbi...
BKPyV associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKPyV-HC) is a major and prevalent outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with no standard treatment option. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) against tran...
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, which mainly includes lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) and monocytes. Cryopr...
Collagenous colitis (CC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea and is characterized by a subepithelial thickened collagen layer in the colonic mucosa.
Enhancer of Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a polycomb group gene and an epigenetic regulator that inhibits transcription, a modification associated with gene silencing. EZH2 plays an essential role in humoral and...
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogen that causes chickenpox and shingles in humans. Different types of the varicella vaccines derived from the Oka and MAV/06 strains are commercially available worldwide....
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions. Cytokines play important roles in facilitating the immune response and augmenting the pathogenic antibody production. The cur...
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is an intracelluar transcriotion factor and NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor containing a pyrin domain 3) is a component of NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptotic c...
Understanding the immune correlates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV infection is an important area of investigation in the current era of aging with HIV infection. Less is known about CVD risk and ...
Asthma is a common chronic airway disease in the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of IL1-RL1 in sputum and its correlation with Th1 and Th2 cytokines in asthma.
To investigate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles and the variations of polymorphic amino acid changes in DRβ1 chain in Shaanxi Han population with Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI).
Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and microneme-associated antigen (MIC) of Plasmodium parasites are important factors involved in host cell invasion.
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