Fig. 4

Cytokine production by DO11.10 CD4⁺ T cells cultured alone or co-cultured with LPS-, ES- or AWA-pretreated BMDC in vitro. CD4⁺ T cells were purified from the spleens of naïve DO11.10 mice and co-cultured with LPS-, ES- or AWA-pretreated BMDC or untreated BMDC (control) in the presence of 50 nM OVA peptide for 48 h. The final T cell/BMDC ratio was 5:1. After incubation, T cells were reactivated with plate-immobilized anti-mouse CD3 for 48 h. Supernatants were collected for analysis of cytokine production by ELISA. ES–pretreated BMDC failed to enhance cytokine production by CD4⁺ T cells in vitro, while AWA–pretreated BMDC upregulated secretion of IFN-γ and downregulated secretion of IL-4. Spleens from three individual mice were pooled in these experiments. Data are expressed as mean pg/ml ± SE from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared to cytokine production in control BMDC-T cell co-cultures