Table 2 Plasma analytes (pg/mL) in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
Analyte type | Diabetic | Non-diabetic | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (Samples) | SEM | Mean (Samples) | SEM | ||
Cytokines | |||||
IFN-α2 | 73.56 (n = 52) | 8.58 | 50.99 (n = 56) | 7.22 | 0.05* |
IFN-γ | 7.11 (n = 49) | 0.83 | 10.96 (n = 66) | 1.72 | 0.07 |
IL-1α | 58.91 (n = 46) | 8.48 | 33.32 (n = 56) | 5.84 | 0.01* |
IL-1β | 3.42 (n = 46) | 0.45 | 2.04 (n = 58) | 0.20 | 0.004** |
IL-1RA | 18.92 (n = 52) | 2.84 | 23.72 (n = 63) | 5.88 | 0.49 |
IL-3 | 10.10 (n = 24) | 2.34 | 1.45 (n = 14) | 0.26 | 0.10 |
IL-4 | 14.67 (n = 49) | 2.47 | 7.35 (n = 60) | 0.83 | 0.003** |
IL-5 | 2.12 (n = 20 | 0.37 | 10.22 (n = 19) | 2.67 | 0.004** |
IL-6 | 3.89 (n = 29) | 0.74 | 4.26 (n = 33) | 0.79 | 0.74 |
IL-7 | 6.80 (n = 51) | 0.93 | 4.51 (n = 61) | 0.52 | 0.03* |
IL-9 | 2.34 (n = 18) | 0.52 | 1.81 (n = 9) | 0.26 | 0.50 |
IL-10 | 4.88 (n = 40) | 0.51 | 6.86 (n = 36) | 3.60 | 0.57 |
IL-12p40 | 31.21 (n = 39) | 4.59 | 16.92 (n = 36) | 2.05 | 0.007** |
IL-12p70 | 7.86 (n = 49) | 1.10 | 6.13 (n = 59) | 0.63 | 0.15 |
IL-13 | 10.10 (n = 26) | 2.34 | 56.15 (n = 20) | 16.72 | 0.003** |
IL-15 | 3.37 (n = 41) | 0.54 | 2.36 (n = 34) | 0.29 | 0.13 |
IL-17A | 4.14 (n = 40) | 0.52 | 4.40 (n = 50) | 0.81 | 0.80 |
TNF-α | 9.59 (n = 50) | 0.78 | 6.54 (n = 72) | 0.42 | <0.001*** |
TNF-β/LT-α | 5.66 (n = 20) | 1.08 | 79.58 (n = 16) | 31.73 | 0.01* |
Chemokines | |||||
CCL-2/MCP-1 | 209.30 (n = 53) | 17.28 | 158.70 (n = 72) | 8.99 | 0.006** |
CCL-3/MIP1-α | 7.09 (n = 48) | 0.48 | 21.76 (n = 53) | 13.24 | 0.29 |
CCL-4/MIP1-β | 16.09 (n = 53) | 1.40 | 17.03 (n = 71) | 1.94 | 0.72 |
CCL-5/RANTES | 87146.0 (n = 48) | 7136.0 | 57930.0 (n = 63) | 4280.0 | <0.001*** |
CCL-7/MCP-3 | 10.21 (n = 10) | 1.96 | 75.48 (n = 14) | 23.24 | 0.03* |
CCL-11/Eotaxin-1 | 67.94 (n = 53) | 3.62 | 52.07 (n = 72) | 2.18 | <0.001*** |
CCL-22/MDC | 385.60 (n = 53) | 22.73 | 441.80 (n = 72) | 37.89 | 0.25 |
CX3CL-1/Fractalkine | 199.80 (n = 53) | 17.76 | 149.80 (n = 70) | 8.50 | 0.007** |
CXCL-8/IL-8 | 4.60 (n = 47) | 0.78 | 6.82 (n = 52) | 1.44 | 0.19 |
CXCL-10/IP-10 | 278.70 (n = 53) | 29.84 | 239.10 (n = 72) | 15.80 | 0.21 |
GRO | 1549.0 (n = 53) | 139.50 | 1393.0 (n = 72) | 95.70 | 0.34 |
Growth Factors | |||||
EGF | 158.70 (n = 53) | 18.57 | 102.30 (n = 70) | 8.17 | 0.003** |
EFF-2 | 108.60 (n = 53) | 9.57 | 79.30 (n = 72) | 4.98 | 0.004** |
FLT-3 L | 11.62 (n = 20) | 2.92 | 22.31 (n = 7) | 7.87 | 0.12 |
G-CSF | 39.72 (n = 52) | 3.68 | 31.48 (n = 72) | 2.19 | 0.04* |
GM-CSF | 11.77 (n = 30) | 1.51 | 9.77 (n = 44) | 1.14 | 0.29 |
TGF-α | 2.02 (n = 21) | 0.39 | 1.20 (n = 22) | 0.20 | 0.07 |
VEGF | 170.40 (n = 53) | 16.72 | 133.10 (n = 71) | 13.69 | 0.08 |
Platelet Marker | |||||
sCD40L | 1555.0 (n = 53) | 256.90 | 967.80 (n = 72) | 146.80 | 0.04* |
Adipokine | |||||
Adiponectin | 4175.0 (n = 48) | 572.30 | 5044.0 (n = 63) | 400.20 | 0.20 |
Hepatokine | |||||
Fetuin-A/AHSG | 677.10 (n = 53) | 51.21 | 612.30 (n = 72) | 32.67 | 0.27 |