Fig. 1

Phenotype of each CD4⁺ T cell subset in HCs and patients with IgG4-RD. Frequency of each CD4⁺ T cell subset in the peripheral blood of HCs and patients with IgG4-RD. Th cells are defined as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁻, Th1 cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻, Th2 cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁻CCR6⁻, Th17 cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁻CCR6⁺, Tfh cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁺, Tfh1 cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻, Tfh2 as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CXCR3⁻CCR6⁻, Tfh17 cells as CD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CXCR3⁻CCR6⁺, activated Tfh cells as PD-1⁺ fraction of each Tfh subset. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, ns: non-significant