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Table 2 Plasma cytokine concentrations in study groups

From: Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: profile of immune cells and cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin

Cytokines,

Median, (IQR)

Healthy controls

N = 20

PLHIV-1s

N = 40

PLHIV-1f

N = 50

TNF-α (pg/ml)

1085

(1047–1306)

1204

(1112–2211)

1511a

(1323–2627)

IL-6 (pg/ml)

121.5

(0,000–211.3)

524.7a

(162.2–918.5)

1364a, b

(820.5–2549)

IL-5 (pg/ml)

19.82

(11.08–29.66)

194.7a

(124.3–266.4)

176.9a

(21.3–250.2)

IL-13 (pg/ml)

932.3

(817.6–1224)

845.1

(583.9–1348)

955.8

(205.7–1768)

IL-7 (pg/ml)

209.2

(197.4–389.1)

295.3

(243.8–415.1)

547.6a

(311.5–1174)

IFN-γ (pg/ml)

1363

(1152–1813)

422.8a

(226.9–834.1)

1126b

(599.4–1625)

IL-4 (pg/ml)

135.3

(33.78–139.6)

365.5a

(101.5–492.7)

106.5b

(78–144.7)

IFN-γ/IL-4

(Th1/Th2)

13.13

(8.25–47.53)

1.44a

(0.48–4.08)

7.31b

(1.50–22.43)

  1. Plasma cytokine concentrations in study groups were assessed in the control subjects (n = 20), people living with HIV-1 with therapeutic success (PLHIV-1s, n = 40) and people living with HIV-1 with therapeutic failure (PLHIV-1f, n = 50). n = number of participants in each group. Healthy control subjects and PLHIV-1 under ARV treatment for at least 6 months were recruited at the University hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava between October 2021 and April 2022. IL: Interleukin. The statistical differences were performed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. IQR = interquartile range, pg/ml = picogram per milliliter. Differences were considered significant when p values are less than 0.05
  2. ap < 0.05 PLHIV-1 group vs. healthy controls; bp < 0.05 PLHIV-1s vs. PLHIV-1f